2026
Journal Articles
Ultrafast Generative Ai By Ultradense 3d Integration: A Case Study On Llm-based Edge Inference . Kerem Akarvardar, Xiaoyu Sun, Brian Crafton, Xiaochen Peng, Haruki Mori, Abhiroop Bhattacharjee, Hidehiro Fujiwara and H.-S. Philip Wong. In ACM Trans. Design Autom. Electr. Syst., vol. 31, pp. 5:1-5:31.
Heterogeneous Memory Design Exploration For Ai Accelerators With A Gain Cell Memory Compiler . Xinxin Wang, Lixian Yan, Shuhan Liu, Luke Upton, Zhuoqi Cai, Yiming Tan, Shengman Li, Koustav Jana, Peijing Li, Jesse Cirimelli-Low, Thierry Tambe, Matthew Guthaus and H.-S. Philip Wong. In CoRR, vol. abs/2602.21278.
Cross-domain Acceleration Of Open Modification Search: From Commodity Platforms To Emerging Memory And Storage Devices . Sumukh Pinge, Chang Eun Song, Po-Kai Hsu, Zheyu Li, Ashkan Moradifirouzabadi, Yanru Chen, Xiangjin Wu, Wei-Chen Chen, Eric Pop, Shimeng Yu, H.-S. Philip Wong, Tajana Rosing and Mingu Kang. In IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems, pp. 1-1.
Quantum-well Oxide Semiconductor Transistors Overcome Mobility–vt Trade-off . Jimin Kang, Koustav Jana, Jack C. Evans, Nathaniel Safron, Donglai Zhong, H.-S. Philip Wong and Shengman Li. In IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. 73, pp. 3102-3109.
Hunting Cuda Bugs At Scale With Cufuzz . Mohamed Tarek Ibn Ziad and Christos Kozyrakis. In Proc. ACM Program. Lang., vol. 10.
Capacity-latency Tradeoffs In Cxl Memory Expander At Hyperscale . Haneul Park, Grant Ayers, Nam Sung Kim, Philip Levis and Brian Morris. In IEEE Computer Architecture Letters, vol. 25, pp. 122-125.
Conference Papers
A 64.5 TFLOPS/W 16-nm AI training accelerator with 4T-eDRAM for efficient gradient and activation handling. Nestor Cuevas, Thierry Tambe, Sai Qian Zhang, David Brooks and Gu-Yeon Wei. In IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference CICC.
CounterPoint: Using hardware event counters to refute and refine microarchitectural assumptions. Nick Lindsay, Caroline Trippel, Anurag Khandelwal and Abhishek Bhattacharjee. In Proceedings of the 31st ACM international conference on architectural support for programming languages and operating systems, volume 2, ASPLOS 2026, pittsburgh, PA, USA, march 22-26, 2026.
Fix: Externalizing Network I/O in Serverless Computing. Yuhan Deng, Akshay Srivatsan, Sebastian Ingino, Francis Chua, Yasmine Mitchell, Matthew Vilaysack and Keith Winstein. In Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Computer Systems (EuroSys), EUROSYS’26.
[SYMI: Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Training via Model and Optimizer State Decoupling. Athinagoras Skiadopoulos, Mark Zhao, Swapnil Gandhi, Thomas Norrie, Shrijeet Mukherjee and Christos Kozyrakis. In 23rd USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 26).
Sparse Checkpointing for Fast and Reliable MoE Training. Swapnil Gandhi and Christos Kozyrakis. In 23rd USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 26).
2025
Journal Articles
Signal Margin, Density, And Scalability Of 3-d Dram: A Comparative Study Of Two Bitline Architectures . Xiangjin Wu, Luke R. Upton, Jian Chen, Po-Kai Hsu, Shimeng Yu and H.-S. Philip Wong. In IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. 72, pp. 671-677.
Monolithic 3d Stackable Dram . Po-Kai Hsu, Janak Sharda, Xiangjin Wu, H.-S. Philip Wong and Shimeng Yu. In IEEE Nanotechnology Magazine, vol. 19, pp. 7-16.
Monolithic 3-d Integration Of Diverse Memories: Resistive Switching (rram) And Gain Cell (gc) Memory Integrated On Si Cmos . Shuhan Liu, Robert M. Radway, Xinxin Wang, Filippo Moro, Jean-Francois Nodin, Koustav Jana, Lixian Yan, Shuting Du, Luke R. Upton, Wei-Chen Chen, Jimin Kang, Jian Chen, Haitong Li, Francois Andrieu, Elisa Vianello, Priyanka Raina, Subhasish Mitra and H.-S. Philip Wong. In IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. 72, pp. 2685-2690.
Minotaur: A Posit-based 0.42–0.50-tops/w Edge Transformer Inference And Training Accelerator . Kartik Prabhu, Robert M. Radway, Jeffrey Yu, Kai Bartolone, Massimo Giordano, Fabian Peddinghaus, Yonatan Urman, Win-San Khwa, Yu-Der Chih, Meng-Fan Chang, Subhasish Mitra and Priyanka Raina. In IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 60, pp. 1311-1323.
Three-independent-gate Transistors: The Swiss Army Knife Of Devices [special Section On 2025 Ieee Kirchhoff Award] . Patsy Cadareanu, Subhasish Mitra, Luca Amarú and Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon. In IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine, vol. 25, pp. 17-22.
Conference Papers
Towards memory specialization: A case for long-term and short-term RAM. Peijing Li, Muhammad Shahir Abdurrahman, Rachel Cleaveland, Sergey Legtchenko, Philip Levis, Ioan Stefanovici, Thierry Tambe, David Tennenhouse, Caroline Trippel and H.-S. Philip Wong. In Proceedings of the 3rd workshop on disruptive memory systems (DIMES).
The Future of Memory: Limits and Opportunities. Samuel Dayo, Shuhan Liu, Peijing Li, Philip Levis, Subhasish Mitra, Thierry Tambe, David Tennenhouse and H.-S. Philip Wong. In The International Workshop on Big Memory (BigMem).
BlockDialect: Block-wise Fine-grained Mixed Format Quantization for Energy-Efficient LLM Inference. Wonsuk Jang and Thierry Tambe. In Forty-second International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), vol. 267, Proceedings of machine learning research.
Amp Cell: 3D-Scalable Gain Cell Memory with Decoupled Read, Write, and Store. Shuhan Liu, Koustav Jana, Leo Jen-Chieh Liu, Elia Ambrosi, Mingyuan Song, Louis Liu, Jing Wang, Subhasish Mitra, Xinyu Bao, Meng-Fan Chang, John R. Hu, John Y. Chen, Jian Chen and H.-S. Philip Wong. In 2025 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM).
Gain Cell Memory Scalability to 5-nm and Beyond. Shuhan Liu, Koustav Jana, Louis Liu, Jing Wang, Leo Jen-Chieh Liu, Elia Ambrosi, Mingyuan Song, Christian Kubicka, Yiming Tan, Haitong Li, Subhasish Mitra, Jian Chen, Thierry Tambe, Xinyu Bao, Meng-Fan Chang, John R. Hu, John Y. Chen and H.-S. Philip Wong. In 2025 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM).
2024
Journal Articles
Hybrid 2t Nmos/pmos Gain Cell Memory With Indium-tin-oxide And Carbon Nanotube Mosfets For Counteracting Capacitive Coupling . Shuhan Liu, Shengman Li, Qing Lin, Koustav Jana, Subhasish Mitra, H.-S. Philip Wong and Kasidit Toprasertpong. In IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 45, pp. 188-191.
Ember: Efficient Multiple-bits-per-cell Embedded Rram Macro For High-density Digital Storage . Akash Levy, Luke R. Upton, Michael D. Scott, Dennis Rich, Win-San Khwa, Yu-Der Chih, Meng-Fan Chang, Subhasish Mitra, Boris Murmann and Priyanka Raina. In IEEE J. Solid State Circuits, vol. 59, pp. 2081-2092.
Design Guidelines For Oxide Semiconductor Gain Cell Memory On A Logic Platform . Shuhan Liu, Koustav Jana, Kasidit Toprasertpong, Jian Chen, Zheng Liang, Qi Jiang, Sumaiya Wahid, Shengjun Qin, Wei-Chen Chen, Eric Pop and H.-S. Philip Wong. In IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. 71, pp. 3329-3335.
Future Design Direction For Sram Data Array: Hierarchical Subarray With Active Interconnect . Hsiao-Hsuan Liu, Carlo Gilardi, Shairfe Muhammad Salahuddin, Zhenlin Pei, Pieter Schuddinck, Yang Xiang, Pieter Weckx, Geert Hellings, Marie Garcia Bardon, Julien Ryckaert, Chenyun Pan, Subhasish Mitra and Francky Catthoor. In IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap., vol. 71, pp. 6495-6506.
Conference Papers
CAMEL: Co-designing AI models and eDRAMs for efficient on-device learning. Sai Qian Zhang, Thierry Tambe, Nestor Cuevas, Gu-Yeon Wei and David Brooks. In IEEE international symposium on high-performance computer architecture, HPCA 2024, edinburgh, united kingdom, march 2-6, 2024.
First experimental demonstration of hybrid gain cell memory with si PMOS and ITO FET for high-speed on-chip memory. Shuhan Liu, Shengjun Qin, Koustav Jana, Jian Chen, Kasidit Toprasertpong and H.-S. Philip Wong. In 2024 IEEE symposium on VLSI technology and circuits (VLSI technology and circuits).
A comparative study of HBL and VBL 3D DRAM: Signal margin, bit-cell density, and scalability. Xiangjin Wu, Luke R. Upton, Po-Kai Hsu, Jian Chen, Shimeng Yu and H.-S. Philip Wong. In 2024 IEEE silicon nanoelectronics workshop (SNW).
Memory consistency model-award cache coherence for heterogeneous hardware. Rachel Cleaveland and Caroline Trippel. In Proceedings of the 2024 conference on formal methods in computer aided design (FMCAD).
Future of memory: Massive, diverse, tightly integrated with compute – from device to software. Shuhan Liu, Robert M. Radway, Xinxin Wang, Jimin Kwon, Caroline Trippel, Philip Levis, Subhasish Mitra and H.-S. Philip Wong. In Proceedings of the 69th annual IEEE international electron devices meeting.
Edge continual training and inference with RRAM-gain cell memory integrated on si CMOS. Shuhan Liu, Robert Radway, Xinxin Wang, Filippo MORO, Jean-François NODIN, Koustav Jana, Shuting Du, Luke Upton, Wei-Chen Chen, Jian Chen, Haitong Li, Francois ANDRIEU, Elisa VIANELLO, Priyanka Raina, Subhasish Mitra and H.-S. Philip Wong. In 2024 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM).
RTL2MuPATH: Multi-uPATH synthesis with applications to hardware security verification. Yao Hsiao, Nikos Nikoleris, Artem Khyzha, Dominic P. Mulligan, Gustavo Petri, Christopher W. Fletcher and Caroline Trippel. In 57th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture, MICRO.
Model Selection for Latency-Critical Inference Serving. Daniel Mendoza, Francisco Romero and Caroline Trippel. In Proceedings of the Nineteenth European Conference on Computer Systems (EuroSys).
Memory consistency model-aware cache coherence for heterogeneous hardware. Rachel Cleaveland and Caroline Trippel. In 2024 formal methods in computer-aided design (FMCAD).
Diamond 3D Thermal Scaffolding for Ultra-Dense 3D Integrated Circuits. J. Lyu, M. Malakoutian, D. Rich, A. Kasperovich, R. Soman, J. K. Mabrey, J. Kim, K. Woo, Z. Bian, S. Mitra and S. Chowdhury. In 2024 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM).
MC-ELMM: Multi-chip endurance-limited memory management. Andrew M. Bartolo, Mohamed M. Sabry Aly, George Michelogiannakis and Subhasish Mitra. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Memory Systems, MEMSYS’23.
Efficient ultra-dense 3D IC power delivery and cooling using 3D thermal scaffolding. Dennis Rich, Tathagata Srimani, Mohamadali Malakoutian, Srabanti Chowdhury and Subhasish Mitra. In Proceedings of the 43rd IEEE/ACM international conference on computer-aided design, ICCAD 2024, newark liberty international airport marriott, NJ, USA, october 27-31, 2024.
2023
Journal Articles
Grip: A Graph Neural Network Accelerator Architecture . Kevin Kiningham, Philip Alexander Levis and Christopher Ré. In IEEE Trans. Computers, vol. 72, pp. 914-925.
A 16-nm Soc For Noise-robust Speech And Nlp Edge Ai Inference With Bayesian Sound Source Separation And Attention-based Dnns . Thierry Tambe, En-Yu Yang, Glenn G. Ko, Yuji Chai, Coleman Hooper, Marco Donato, Paul N. Whatmough, Alexander M. Rush, David Brooks and Gu-Yeon Wei. In IEEE J. Solid State Circuits, vol. 58, pp. 569-581.
Conference Papers
Co-designed capacitive coupling-immune sensing scheme for indium-tin-oxide (ITO) 2T gain cell operating at positive voltage below 2 v. Kasidit Toprasertpong, Shuhan Liu, Jian Chen, Sumaiya Wahid, Koustav Jana, Wei-Chen Chen, Shengman Li, Eric Pop and H.-S. Philip Wong. In 2023 IEEE symposium on VLSI technology and circuits (VLSI technology and circuits).
Gain cell memory on logic platform – device guidelines for oxide semiconductor transistor materials development. Koustav Jana Shuhan Liu. In 2023 IEEE international electron devices meeting.
A Case Against CXL Memory Pooling. Philip Levis, Kun Lin and Amy Tai. In Proceedings of the 22nd ACM workshop on hot topics in networks, HotNets ‘23.
2022
Journal Articles
R2e2: Low-latency Path Tracing Of Terabyte-scale Scenes Using Thousands Of Cloud Cpus . Sadjad Fouladi, Brennan Shacklett, Fait Poms, Arjun Arora, Alex Ozdemir, Deepti Raghavan, Pat Hanrahan, Kayvon Fatahalian and Keith Winstein. In ACM Trans. Graph., vol. 41, pp. 76:1-76:12.
Conference Papers
Computation-centric networking. Yuhan Deng, Angela Montemayor, Amit Levy and Keith Winstein. In Proceedings of the 21st ACM workshop on hot topics in networks, HotNets 2022, austin, texas, november 14-15, 2022.
RecShard: Statistical feature-based memory optimization for industry-scale neural recommendation. Geet Sethi, Bilge Acun, Niket Agarwal, Christos Kozyrakis, Caroline Trippel and Carole-Jean Wu. In ASPLOS’22: 27th ACM international conference on architectural support for programming languages and operating systems, lausanne, switzerland, 28 february 2022 - 4 march 2022.
2021
Conference Papers
RecSSD: Near data processing for solid state drive based recommendation inference. Mark Wilkening, Udit Gupta, Samuel Hsia, Caroline Trippel, Carole-Jean Wu, David Brooks and Gu-Yeon Wei. In ASPLOS’21: 26th ACM international conference on architectural support for programming languages and operating systems, virtual event, USA, april 19-23, 2021.
Synthesizing formal models of hardware from RTL for efficient verification of memory model implementations. Yao Hsiao, Dominic P. Mulligan, Nikos Nikoleris, Gustavo Petri and Caroline Trippel. In MICRO’21: 54th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture.
EdgeBERT: Sentence-level energy optimizations for latency-aware multi-task NLP inference. Thierry Tambe, Coleman Hooper, Lillian Pentecost, Tianyu Jia, En-Yu Yang, Marco Donato, Victor Sanh, Paul N. Whatmough, Alexander M. Rush, David Brooks and Gu-Yeon Wei. In MICRO’21: 54th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture.
2020
Conference Papers
TransForm: Formally specifying transistency models and synthesizing enhanced litmus tests. Naorin Hossain, Caroline Trippel and Margaret Martonosi. In 47th ACM/IEEE annual international symposium on computer architecture, ISCA 2020, valencia, spain, may 30 - june 3, 2020.
Algorithm-hardware co-design of adaptive floating-point encodings for resilient deep learning inference. Thierry Tambe, En-Yu Yang, Zishen Wan, Yuntian Deng, Vijay Janapa Reddi, Alexander M. Rush, David Brooks and Gu-Yeon Wei. In 57th ACM/IEEE design automation conference, DAC 2020, san francisco, CA, USA, july 20-24, 2020.
2018
Journal Articles
Full-stack Memory Model Verification With Tricheck . Caroline Trippel, Yatin A. Manerkar, Daniel Lustig, Michael Pellauer and Margaret Martonosi. In IEEE Micro, vol. 38, pp. 58-68.
Conference Papers
ILA-MCM: Integrating memory consistency models with instruction-level abstractions for heterogeneous system-on-chip verification. Hongce Zhang, Caroline Trippel, Yatin A. Manerkar, Aarti Gupta, Margaret Martonosi and Sharad Malik. In Formal methods in computer aided design FMCAD.
2017
Conference Papers
TriCheck: Memory model verification at the trisection of software, hardware, and ISA. Caroline Trippel, Yatin A. Manerkar, Daniel Lustig, Michael Pellauer and Margaret Martonosi. In Proceedings of the twenty-second international conference on architectural support for programming languages and operating systems, ASPLOS 2017, xi’an, china, april 8-12, 2017.